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Both memory units in the Harvard architecture are accessed by the CPU using different communication buses. This architecture's main characteristic is that it uses two separate memory units, one for storing program instructions and one for storing program data. The Harvard architecture, named after the Harvard Mark I relay-based computer, was first introduced in the mid-'40s. Von Neumann's architecture is fundamental since nearly all digital computers design have been based on this architecture. This architecture stores program data and instructions in the same memory unit.īoth are accessed by the CPU using the same communications bus, as shown below. The von Neumann architecture, named after the mathematician, physicist, and computer scientist John von Neumann, was first introduced in the mid-'40s it is also known as the Princeton architecture. In the early days of computing, two computer architectures, i.e., the organization of the components inside a computing system, emerged: von Neumann and Harvard. Memory Architectures 101Ĭomputer architecture is a vast topic we will focus on a general picture that will let us understand how memory is organized in the microcontrollers used in Arduino® boards. Non-volatile memory is permanent memory data is not lost even if the system is turned off. Volatile memory is a temporary memory, this means that data is stored while the system is running, but it is lost forever when the system is turned off. Memory in computing systems can be volatile or non-volatile. Information in memory cells is stored using binary digits (bits), usually organized in bytes (8-bits) it can also be retrieved later by the MCU or other components of a microcontroller-based system. Memory arrays are divided into cells that can store data and be accessed using a unique identifier representing its address or position relative to the memory array. Memory blocks are semiconductor devices that store and retrieve information or data a microcontroller central processing unit (CPU) uses and processes data stored in memory blocks to perform specific tasks.Īs shown in the image below, memory blocks in microcontrollers are usually described as arrays. Memory blocks are essential parts of modern embedded systems, especially microcontroller-based ones. We will also explore several ways to manage, measure, and optimize memory usage in Arduino-based systems are discussed in the article. In this article, we will explore memory organization in microcontrollers, focusing on those present in Arduino® boards.
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One essential part of a microcontroller is its memory memory stores information temporarily or permanently in microcontrollers, and can be used for several purposes.
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Microcontrollers today are everywhere they are an essential part of modern embedded systems that can be found practically everywhere in our world, from smartwatches to electric vehicles they are even on the Martian surface right now. Usually, this type of IC gathers information or data from its surroundings, process it, and generates specific outputs according to the gathered data. A microcontroller unit (also known as a MCU) is an integrated circuit (IC), typically used to perform specific applications or tasks.